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Verily Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala gave testimony in favour of the Sahabah of His Nabi salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam from the Muhajirin and Ansar of true iman in various places in the Noble Qur’an. Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says:
وَالَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا وَهَاجَرُوْا وَجَاهَدُوْا فِيْ سَبِيْلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِيْنَ آوَوا وَّنَصَرُوْا أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُوْنَ حَقًّا لَّهُمْ مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَّرِزْقٌ كَرِيْمٌ
But those who have believed and emigrated and fought in the cause of Allah and those who gave shelter and aided – it is they who are the believers, truly. For them is forgiveness and noble provision.[1]
Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says:
وَإِنْ يُرِيْدُوْا أَنْ يَخْدَعُوْكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِيْ أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ
But if they intend to deceive you, then sufficient for you is Allah. It is He who supported you with His help and with the believers.[2]
In this verse Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala mentions His bounties of the support of the believing Muhajirin and Ansar for His Nabi salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam. This proves two things:
Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says:
كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُوْنَ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَتُؤْمِنُوْنَ بِاللَّهِ
You are the best nation produced [as an example] for mankind. You enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and believe in Allah.[3]
This verse contains two proofs:
Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says:
لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِيْنَ الَّذِيْنَ أُخْرِجُوْا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُوْنَ فَضْلًا مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَّيَنْصُرُوْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُوْلَهُ أُوْلٰئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُوْنَ وَالَّذِيْنَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيْمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّوْنَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُوْنَ فِي صُدُوْرِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّا أُوْتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُوْنَ عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ وَمَنْ يُّوْقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُوْنَ وَالَّذِيْنَ جَاءُوْا مِنْۢ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُوْلُوْنَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِيْنَ سَبَقُوْنَا بِالْإِيْمَانِ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِيْ قُلُوْبِنَا غِلًّا لِّلَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَءُوْفٌ رَّحِيْمٌ
For the poor Muhajirin who were expelled from their homes and their properties, seeking bounty from Allah and [His] approval and supporting [the cause of] Allah and His Messenger, [there is also a share]. Those are the truthful. And [also for] those who were settled in the Home [i.e., al Madinah] and [adopted] the faith before them. They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what they [i.e., the Muhajirin] were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul, it is those who will be the successful. And [there is a share for] those who come after them, saying, “Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith and put not in our hearts [any] resentment toward those who have believed. Our Lord, indeed You are Kind and Merciful.”[4]
These verses explain who is deserving of the fay’[5] from the Muhajirin and Ansar and those who came after them with righteousness.
Verily Allah praised the Muhajirin in the first verse because they were expelled from their homes and they opposed their own people seeking the pleasure of Allah and His approval, and because they rendered their assistance to Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala and His Rasul salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam. Thereafter Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala testified to their truthfulness in the end of the verse.
Then Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala praised the Ansar because of their love for their brothers—the Muhajirin—and them being free from any form of jealousy, preferring the Muhajirin over themselves. Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala indicated to their successfulness, and this is in the second verse.
Then Allah praised those who came after them who sought forgiveness for them and who asked Allah not to create hatred in their hearts for the forerunners from the believers.
From this last verse, Imam Malik rahimahu Llah concluded that the Rawafid[6],who curse the Sahabah, are not entitled to any share from the fay’ because they do not possess the qualities mentioned in the verse which makes one entitled to a share.
When we turn our attention to some of that which has been transmitted, we find the testimony of iman mentioned in a number of instances in the Qur’an for numerous Companions of Rasul salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam—during various occasions and in many places—which collectively necessitate that which the general texts testify to, which is testimony of iman for all the Companions. And why should it not be the case? When the Sahabah were addressed with possessing the quality of iman in the Qur’an nearly 90 times!
NEXT⇒ Speaking about the participants of the Battle of Badr, Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says
[1] Surah al Anfal: 74.
[2] Surah al Anfal: 62.
[3] Surah Al ‘Imran: 110.
[4] Surah al Hashr: 8-10.
[5] Booty gained from the disbelievers without fighting.
[6] Rawafid is a term that pejoratively denotes the Shia.
BACK⇒ Return to Table of contents
Verily Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala gave testimony in favour of the Sahabah of His Nabi salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam from the Muhajirin and Ansar of true iman in various places in the Noble Qur’an. Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says:
وَالَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا وَهَاجَرُوْا وَجَاهَدُوْا فِيْ سَبِيْلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِيْنَ آوَوا وَّنَصَرُوْا أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُوْنَ حَقًّا لَّهُمْ مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَّرِزْقٌ كَرِيْمٌ
But those who have believed and emigrated and fought in the cause of Allah and those who gave shelter and aided – it is they who are the believers, truly. For them is forgiveness and noble provision.[1]
Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says:
وَإِنْ يُرِيْدُوْا أَنْ يَخْدَعُوْكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِيْ أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ
But if they intend to deceive you, then sufficient for you is Allah. It is He who supported you with His help and with the believers.[2]
In this verse Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala mentions His bounties of the support of the believing Muhajirin and Ansar for His Nabi salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam. This proves two things:
Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says:
كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُوْنَ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَتُؤْمِنُوْنَ بِاللَّهِ
You are the best nation produced [as an example] for mankind. You enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and believe in Allah.[3]
This verse contains two proofs:
Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says:
لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِيْنَ الَّذِيْنَ أُخْرِجُوْا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُوْنَ فَضْلًا مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَّيَنْصُرُوْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُوْلَهُ أُوْلٰئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُوْنَ وَالَّذِيْنَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيْمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّوْنَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُوْنَ فِي صُدُوْرِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّا أُوْتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُوْنَ عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ وَمَنْ يُّوْقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُوْنَ وَالَّذِيْنَ جَاءُوْا مِنْۢ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُوْلُوْنَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِيْنَ سَبَقُوْنَا بِالْإِيْمَانِ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِيْ قُلُوْبِنَا غِلًّا لِّلَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَءُوْفٌ رَّحِيْمٌ
For the poor Muhajirin who were expelled from their homes and their properties, seeking bounty from Allah and [His] approval and supporting [the cause of] Allah and His Messenger, [there is also a share]. Those are the truthful. And [also for] those who were settled in the Home [i.e., al Madinah] and [adopted] the faith before them. They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what they [i.e., the Muhajirin] were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul, it is those who will be the successful. And [there is a share for] those who come after them, saying, “Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith and put not in our hearts [any] resentment toward those who have believed. Our Lord, indeed You are Kind and Merciful.”[4]
These verses explain who is deserving of the fay’[5] from the Muhajirin and Ansar and those who came after them with righteousness.
Verily Allah praised the Muhajirin in the first verse because they were expelled from their homes and they opposed their own people seeking the pleasure of Allah and His approval, and because they rendered their assistance to Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala and His Rasul salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam. Thereafter Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala testified to their truthfulness in the end of the verse.
Then Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala praised the Ansar because of their love for their brothers—the Muhajirin—and them being free from any form of jealousy, preferring the Muhajirin over themselves. Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala indicated to their successfulness, and this is in the second verse.
Then Allah praised those who came after them who sought forgiveness for them and who asked Allah not to create hatred in their hearts for the forerunners from the believers.
From this last verse, Imam Malik rahimahu Llah concluded that the Rawafid[6],who curse the Sahabah, are not entitled to any share from the fay’ because they do not possess the qualities mentioned in the verse which makes one entitled to a share.
When we turn our attention to some of that which has been transmitted, we find the testimony of iman mentioned in a number of instances in the Qur’an for numerous Companions of Rasul salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam—during various occasions and in many places—which collectively necessitate that which the general texts testify to, which is testimony of iman for all the Companions. And why should it not be the case? When the Sahabah were addressed with possessing the quality of iman in the Qur’an nearly 90 times!
NEXT⇒ Speaking about the participants of the Battle of Badr, Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says
[1] Surah al Anfal: 74.
[2] Surah al Anfal: 62.
[3] Surah Al ‘Imran: 110.
[4] Surah al Hashr: 8-10.
[5] Booty gained from the disbelievers without fighting.
[6] Rawafid is a term that pejoratively denotes the Shia.