Allah says regarding those who were present at the peace treaty of Hudaybiyyah

They were 1400 in number, who surrendered to the instruction of Allah and His Rasul salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam:

هُوَ الَّذِيْ أَنزَلَ السَّكِيْنَةَ فِيْ قُلُوْبِ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ لِيَزْدَادُوْا إِيْمَانًا مَّعَ إِيْمَانِهِمْ ۗ وَلِلَّهِ جُنُوْدُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيْمًا حَكِيْمًا لِّيُدْخِلَ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِيْ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِيْنَ فِيْهَا وَيُكَفِّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ ۚ وَكَانَ ذٰلِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَوْزًا عَظِيْمًا

It is He who sent down tranquillity into the hearts of the believers that they would increase in faith along with their [present] faith. And to Allah belong the soldiers of the heavens and the earth, and ever is Allah Knowing and Wise. [And] that He may admit the believing men and the believing women to gardens beneath which rivers flow to abide therein eternally and remove from them their misdeeds – and ever is that, in the sight of Allah, a great attainment.[1]

It is reported in Sahih al Bukhari and Sahih Muslim that Sayyidina Anas ibn Malik radiya Llahu ‘anhu said:

The verse:

لِّيَغْفِرَ لَكَ اللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ

That Allah may forgive for you what preceded of your sin [i.e., errors] and what will follow.[2]

was revealed on the return from Hudaybiyyah. Nabi salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam then said that a verse has been revealed to him that is more beloved to him than the entire world, then Nabi salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam recited it for them, and they congratulated him and said that is what is between you and Allah, but what will be our condition? Then the following verse was revealed:

لِّيُدْخِلَ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِيْ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِيْنَ فِيْهَا وَيُكَفِّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ ۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَوْزًا عَظِيْمًا

[And] that He may admit the believing men and the believing women to gardens beneath which rivers flow to abide therein eternally and remove from them their misdeeds – and ever is that, in the sight of Allah, a great attainment.[3]

Those are the Companions radiya Llahu ‘anhum of Bay’at al Ridwan regarding whom Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says:

لَّقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُوْنَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِيْ قُلُوْبِهِمْ فَأَنزَلَ السَّكِيْنَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيْبًا وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِيْرَةً يَأْخُذُوْنَهَا ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيْزًا حَكِيْمًا

Certainly, was Allah pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest. And much war booty which they will take. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise.[4]

The reason for this pledge of allegiance is well known in the books of Sirah when Rasul salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam sent Sayyidina ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan radiya Llahu ‘anhu to inform the Quraysh that he did not come seeking war or conflict but rather solely to visit the Ka’bah and glorify its sanctity, so they must take that into consideration (and allow the believers safe passage). Then rumour reached Rasul salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam that Sayyidina ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan radiya Llahu ‘anhu was killed[5] so he said, “We will not depart until we fight the disbelievers” and he called on all the Companions to take the Bay’ah, which became known as Bay’at al Ridwan (pledge of pleasure); taken under the tree which none of the Companions were at variance with except (the hypocrite) Jadd ibn Qais. The number of Sahabah radiya Llahu ‘anhum that gave Bay’ah on that day to Rasul salla Llahu ‘alayhi wa sallam were 1400 as reported by Al Bukhari and Muslim on the authority of Sayyidina Jabir radiya Llahu ‘anhu.

In these verses that were revealed concerning this Bay’ah:

Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala makes known His pleasure with those who took the pledge of allegiance, and it is for this reason it was named the Bay’at al Ridwan:

لَّقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُوْنَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ

Certainly, was Allah pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you under the tree.

Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala attested to the sincerity of their heats and what it contained of truthfulness and loyalty when He said:

فَعَلِمَ مَا فِيْ قُلُوْبِهِمْ فَأَنزَلَ السَّكِيْنَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ

And He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them.

Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala showered them with tranquillity, victory, and booty as a result of His pleasure and knowledge of the sincerity in their hearts. Allah subhanahu wa ta ‘ala says:

فَعَلِمَ مَا فِيْ قُلُوْبِهِمْ فَأَنزَلَ السَّكِيْنَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيْبًا وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِيْرَةً يَأْخُذُوْنَهَا ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيْزًا حَكِيْمًا

He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest. And much war booty which they will take. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise.

NEXT⇒ Righteousness has been imposed upon their hearts

[1] Surah al Fath: 4-5.

[2] Surah al Fath: 2.

[3] Surah al Fath: 5.

[4] Surah al Fath: 18-19.

[5] Which turned out to be false.

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